Using my pipe volume calculator, 36" of 3/16 if full holds .035 cubic inches while the same length of 5/16 holds 2.7623 cubic inches. I used a pipe calculator program, but the formula for volume of a round pipe is Pi R squared x height. All numbers must be in the same units.
That being said, the volume held in this case makes no difference. But if you have a 3/16 drop with sap flowing it is usually going to average about 1/2 the mathematical volume because it will have a column of sap/gases/sap/gases. The % of sap will vary depending on the sap flow and the actual vacuum on the drop line, the greater the vacuum the more the gases expand or get stretched out. This only happens in 3/16. In 5/16 the sap slips down under the gases.