As the membranes foul you will get less permeate while operating at the same pressure. It get's more difficult for the water to permeate through the membrane from the concentrate side to the permeate side. A 20% drop in permeate flow would indicate that you need to clean the membrane. So when your membranes are clean you should measure the permeate flow at a given pressure, say 100 psi while running on water or permeate. It's important to do this at about the same temperature as temperature has a large impact on permeation rates. The clean permeate flow is your baseline for that pressure. During the season do the same measurement at the same pressure, say 100 psi, after you have rinsed the membranes to see if the performance has declined significantly (20%). If you let the performance drop too far you may not be able to recover the performance by cleaning. Others can answer your question about whether 5% sugar is good better than I, but the math seems right since you removed about 75% of the water. I also don't think you can get too much above 5% with 130 psi.
Leader 1/2 pint - Kawasaki Mule - Smoky Lake Filter Bottler
24 GPH RO, 2 1/2 x 40 NF3 (NF270), 140 GPH (Brass with no relief valve ) ProCon pump
2013 - 44 taps - 16 gallons syrup, 2014 - 109 taps - 26 gallons syrup
2015 - 71 taps - 13.5 gallons syrup, 2016 - 125 taps - 24.25 gallons syrup
2017 - 129 taps - 17.5 gallons syrup, 2018 - 128 taps- 18 gallons syrup
2019 -130 taps - 18.5 gallons syrup, 2020 ~125 taps-19.75 gallons syrup