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    As concentrate level increases, "evaporation...

    As concentrate level increases, "evaporation rate" (the amount of water leaving the pans by evaporation) changes only very slightly -- not enough to notice without really close measurements.

    What...
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    Trees were very "cold-soaked." Takes some time...

    Trees were very "cold-soaked." Takes some time for a big object (like a tree) to thaw out after being down in the teens or colder for an extended period. Air temperature might seem warm enough for...
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    The sap yield gained from reaming, freshening,...

    The sap yield gained from reaming, freshening, bumping, drilling deeper, drilling a 2nd hole, etc. are highly variable. Some years you may get a reasonable amount of additional sap. Some years you...
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    Reaming is not a recommended practice due to the...

    Reaming is not a recommended practice due to the fact it greatly increases the size of the internal wound.
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    The WARM part is key if you're thinking of using...

    The WARM part is key if you're thinking of using many types of biofuels. They tend to have higher freezing points.
  6. OK...was on my phone before, but on computer now...

    OK...was on my phone before, but on computer now so can provide a longer answer.

    A Lapierre Canister Sap Filter is an external blue-plastic cylinder about 30" tall (don't hold me to that) with...
  7. The wrapped cloth filter housings and filter...

    The wrapped cloth filter housings and filter cloths were made by Lapierre Maple Equipment. They require a pump to push the sap through them. Work reasonably well, but washing the cloths takes some...
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    At least daily. Lead will accumulate...

    At least daily.

    Lead will accumulate whenever sap (or partially boiled sap) is in contact with materials containing lead. The rate is dependent upon the lead levels in the material, the surface...
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    Yes. Sap sugar content is quite dynamic over a...

    Yes. Sap sugar content is quite dynamic over a sap run, over a season, and from season-to-season. Quite well known phenomenon.

    https://mapleresearch.org/pub/mn2020sapsugar/

    Also, see Figure...
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    You'd know for sure if he did. He was one of...

    You'd know for sure if he did. He was one of those characters that was hard to miss.
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    https://mapleresearch.org/pub/manual/ The...

    https://mapleresearch.org/pub/manual/ The electronic version is free and should remain so.

    There is a glossary near the end that should help with terminology.
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    View Post

    2” is still the recommended depth.
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    That’s the correct answer.
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    Thanks Mark.

    Thanks Mark.
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    Probably won't know for sure until the season is...

    Probably won't know for sure until the season is over in Quebec. If it turns out to be a terrible season in the U.S. we might know a bit earlier.
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    It's a difficult thing to predict given the...

    It's a difficult thing to predict given the number of factors. The main one, which isn't easy for sugarmakers to judge, is the level of microbes in the sap. The real problem is that once they get...
  17. Historically, making lighter syrup was the mark...

    Historically, making lighter syrup was the mark of a superior producer and was regarded as a sign of quality operation. In addition, light syrup up until about 10-15 yrs ago commanded a higher price...
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    1/4" spouts produce about 10% less sap than a...

    1/4" spouts produce about 10% less sap than a 5/16" spout (according to studies done by both UVM Proctor and Centre Acer), but also do create a slightly smaller wound in the tree. Best to understand...
  19. Hydrometers are the standard in the maple...

    Hydrometers are the standard in the maple industry, mainly because they're relatively inexpensive and have been around for a really long time. Used properly they'll give good results. ...
  20. Plastic is always more challenging to keep clean....

    Plastic is always more challenging to keep clean. Keep at it throughout the season with a mild bleach solution whenever tanks are empty and be sure to rinse well afterwards.
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    Any sense of how WV did overall?

    Any sense of how WV did overall?
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    The joke I've heard (with apologies to all)... ...

    The joke I've heard (with apologies to all)...

    If you're from MA or CT, you take out the squirrel, dump the sap, wash the bucket and start over.

    If you're from ME or NY, you keep the sap, dump...
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    On extended thaws and sap runs, the bulk flow of...

    On extended thaws and sap runs, the bulk flow of sap transitions from coming down from above the taphole over to sap being pulled upward from below the taphole. When this happens, assuming your...
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    Dead end tees. Typically come in right or left...

    Dead end tees. Typically come in right or left flavors. Work great as long as you use the "dead" end of the correct side.
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    Do you mean you can see that the trees have buds...

    Do you mean you can see that the trees have buds or that the buds are swollen/opening? Are these sugar maple or red maple?

    Trees always have buds (unless they're dead). That's not a problem. ...
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