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You might also look at US Patent 2,880,094. Centre Acer has also reported studies in this area, but my links no longer work.

You need 660 grams of sucrose and 340 grams of water. 66 percent is WEIGHT percent: 660 grams of sucrose in 1 kg of SOLUTION.

If you really want to reduce stack temperature, consider a forced circulation finned tube arrangement that operates somewhat like a long-tube vertical flash evaporator. Very compact, not too costly....

First, the heat of vaporization increases with vacuum. (But you do gain in the heat needed to reach the boiling point.) There are two major heat losses: most importantly the heat of vaporization...

Use EMT. Cheapest source of steel. 1/2 inch or 3/4 for greater ruggedness. Flatten ends of cross-members. Drill and bolt.

No welding. No heavy hacksawing.

Cook it longer (boil slower),or boil it to a higher temperature and dilute back to std syrup, or boil to a higher temperature, hold at the high temp and cool and dilute back to std syrup.

For what it is worth:

"...Try shaving cream. Squirrels hate it!...They hate the smell of shaving cream, and hate the smell of aftershave even more. ..."

Southern Ohio Forestry Association News...

You can produce any lift you want--provided you have enuf pumping capacity at the top of the ladder. You cannot have more than 33 feet of sap in the ladder. All volume in excess of that must be air...

Put in two ladders, one on each side of the road. The upstream ladder lifts the sap. The downstream ladder drops it back, giving you natural vacuum.

For ideal ladders, there is no net loss of...

One pound of fuel oil yields something like 20,000 Btu when combusted. Heating that pound of fuel oil to say 300 F gives you an additional 150 Btu of heat.

You will never see the difference in...

Google "American Forests Big Trees". The official biggest sugar maple is currently 219 in circumference and 123 ft tall.

In general there is an optimum amount of air/gas that results in the smallest vacuum loss. The optimum depends on the amount of sap, the lift of the ladder and the characteristics of the vacuum...

Those fancy electronic instruments are convenient to use. But they seem to have a habit of going wrong in unobvious ways. Whereas the simple physical instruments seem to either read correctly or be...

Glycerine seems a little light to me if you intend to have the test solution the same density as 66 percent syrup at 210 deg or so.

In all of this you need to think about the sensitivity and...

Use a 100 or 250 ml volumetric flask and a digital scale good to 100 mg. Check the scale with new U.S. Coins. Tare the flask. Carefully fill the flask with 68 degree syrup or test solution. (Use a...

Keep the tap hole clean, as nearly sterile as practical--to maximize sap yield

Inoculate the sap with bacteria
...Wild bacteria, those accidently introduced, or
...Special cultures,...

After you have your taps in, but before sap flow starts, pressurize your system to maybe 5 psi. Then walk your lines with a bottle of snoop and a can of spray paint to mark the leaks.

Does anyone know what the solubility curve for calcium malate looks like?

Tweegs, What is it? The add says nothing.

I asked a very good chemist about boiling sap in aluminum. I give his answer here:

"The short answer is - get away from using Aluminum!!! Yes, it forms gels at the conditions you described!...

To the best of my memory, my out-of-pocket expenses for my first sugaring was under $20 at today's prices. Biggest expense, two steel drip pans at $8.50 each. A block arch made of salvaged cement...

I was reading the section in Garner's The Grafter's Handbook on disinfection of tools and saw the statement that formalin should be strictly avoided, as it caused serious damage even at low...

The equivalent diameter is the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual diameters. eg, three 10 inch stems sqr(100 + 100 + 100) = 17.3 inches. This tree justifies a single tap.

General,

I get a "cannot find" message with your centre acer link. Can you repeat? Thanks.

You cannot bypass the ladder with a dry line. The ladder operation depends on the vacuum at the base being less than at the top.