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GeneralStark
01-23-2012, 04:38 PM
I was fortunate enough to be able to attend the VT Sugar Maker's Association maple school this past weekend and sat in on four of the many workshops that were offered. There was so much valuable info. presented and I will highlight some of the take home lessons for me from the workshops I attended.

Impacts of Reverse Osmosis on Syrup Quality and Flavor This was a presentation of findings from a study done at Proctor looking at syrup chemistry and characteristics from 2% raw sap and 8% RO concentrate. The major points were as follows:

- The syrups produced from raw sap and 8% concentrate were indeed different in some ways with color being the most surprising difference to me. 8% concentrate yielded 10-15% darker syrup.
- There were no major statistically significant differences in other syrup characteristics, especially flavor where no difference was found.
- The study only examined the difference between raw sap and 8%, so making a distinction in syrup characteristics at other concentrations is difficult.
- As the RO concentration increases, eventually syrup color will begin to get lighter, and the presenter suggested that may be around 12%.

The New Maple Grading System and Identifying Maple Off-Flavors This was an overview of the new proposed grading system we have all heard about and a brief presentation of the new map of syrup off flavors. The major points were as follows:

-It's coming but not before 2013.
- Vt needs to change state law so it could be later than 2013.
-Darker syrup is favored in the new system. Packaging what is now considered Commerical for retail will be allowed.

High Vacuum Without a Pump This was a presentation of findings from a Proctor research project looking at setting up gravity tubing systems using 3/16" tubing to create natural vacuum. The major points were as follows:

- The difference in natural vacuum in 5/16" and 3/16" lateral lines set up on varying slopes from approx. 5% - 15% with 4-22 taps on each lateral, and lateral lengths 20' to 750' was astounding.
- 3/16" lateral lines produced between 24-27" of vacuum. 5/16" lateral lines produced up to about 15" but not as consistently.
- Don't tear down your tubing systems yet as there are many questions still to be answered.
- D+G will soon have 3/16" tubing available in 500' rolls. Reducers need to be used between 3/16" tubing and conventional maple fittings like spouts and saddles. Reducers and t's are available through McMaster Carr.

Impact of Tubing and New Technologies on Maple Syrup Flavor This was a presentation by a Quebecois sugarmaker and researcher with Acer of some of his insights on making good flavor syrup with modern technology. The major points were as follows:

- Not all maple syrup on the market is good, and perhaps most is actually not good. Good syrup has the unique maple flavor that we all think of as "maple"'.
- Sugarmakers wanting to make good flavored syrup should consider how syrup has been traditionally made and how consumers think of maple syrup.
- Good syrup can be made using new technology, but there are several things that should be considered in doing so. Some of the things the presenter suggested NOT DOING include but are not limited to: Using high vacuum early and late in the season, using blue mainline instead of black, high RO concentrations, more than one pass through the RO, storing concentrate for any period of time, using UV filters, and using high boiling rates that require defoamer use.
- Essential things to consider in syrup production are invert sugar levels in sap and microbe contamination (it's not bad in moderation) and finding a healthy balance.



All the presentations were very interesting and I find myself thinking of all the ways I can apply this new knowledge to my operation and business. I hope that the Proctor studies powerpoints will be posted somewhere as I know folks here will find them interesting. Hopefully this will provide some interesting thought and discussion.

tuckermtn
01-23-2012, 05:24 PM
I was also able to make it to the Hyde Park school. To me the most interesting one you highlighted in your summary above was the talk on the impact of tubing and new technologies on maple syrup flavor. Very interesting presentation about how having some microbial(sp) activity in your sap is important because without the microbial influence on the sucrose that is present in the sap your syrup will not have a strong maple flavor. The microbes break the sucrose in to glucose and fructose and it is those two sugars that when get heated become carmelized and create a traditional maple flavor. Like mentioned above- microbes in moderation seems to be the key to making good flovored syrup. lots to contemplate...

I also went to a presentation by the general manager at CDL USA who looked at the various evaporator fuel choices and came up with a hypothetical 10,000 tap operation and plugged all the numbers in to a spread sheet and looked at overall cost per gallon to produce "x" ammount of syrup. Lots to the numbers, but if I remeber correctly the cheapest fuel source was natural gas, followed by wood chips, then wood pellets, then high efficency/output cordwood. The cost of the arch as well as lots of other things were factored in.

All in all, well worth the 2 1/4 hour trip each way. Also picked up our new custom labeled glass jugs from Bill and Marsha at Artisan Printing of VT. Very psyched to put some syrup in those jugs tonight.

GeneralStark
01-24-2012, 10:58 AM
I also really was impressed by the Acer presenter's ideas as he took a much more holistic approach to syrup production than many. He was able to show how a more "reductionist" way of thinking can actually do more harm than good. I think the analogy of hand sanitizer use is a good one. Marketers pray upon people's fears and convince them that microbes are bad and that they need a hand sanitizing soap to protect them from the evil bacteria, when in reality most of these microbes are good and hand sanitizer use can actually lead to a reduced immune system strength and more dangerous bacteria. You could also use the analogy of US Foreign Policy: To make terrorism go away you just need to kill all the terrorists. These ways of thinking are flawed.

The presenter was suggesting that many modern ways of thinking related to syrup production are flawed. The question is how can you collect sap that is like what you get from buckets and the associated collection systems using modern technology, and how can you process that sap to syrup in ways that mimic traditional methods to produce a good flavored product? This is the challenge we face using modern technology, and it is likely that many ways of thinking in how to use this technology are flawed.

Certainly lots to think about...

Amber Gold
01-24-2012, 05:19 PM
Can you please clarify the following regarding the syrup quality? This is one of the main reason why I wanted to go to Hyde Park, but couldn't.
They suggest not using the blue mainline? I thought this was the preferred product?
How do you boil sap w/out defoamer? Even boiling raw sap you need to use defoamer.
Is there a publication we can read on this research?
Why not use high vac. early and late in the season?

Regarding the concentrate topic. This was another topic I wanted to attend.
Did they take raw sap and boil it, then concentrate sap to 8% and boil that to do their flavor comparison? I think this would be the correct way to verify changes in flavor. I think by concentrating all the sap, then adding perm. water back in to reduce the concentration is flawed because the sap's going through the RO in both cases.

Thanks

DrTimPerkins
01-24-2012, 06:23 PM
Did they take raw sap and boil it, then concentrate sap to 8% and boil that to do their flavor comparison? I think this would be the correct way to verify changes in flavor. I think by concentrating all the sap, then adding perm. water back in to reduce the concentration is flawed because the sap's going through the RO in both cases.

Actually, if you're referring to the UVM PMRC study, we did all three (not sure if Abby presented the whole study or just part of it to simplify things). We boiled raw sap, concentrate made from the same batches of sap, and re-constituted sap (sap that had been split into concentrate and permeate, which were then added back together).

GeneralStark
01-24-2012, 09:19 PM
Can you please clarify the following regarding the syrup quality? This is one of the main reason why I wanted to go to Hyde Park, but couldn't.
They suggest not using the blue mainline? I thought this was the preferred product?
How do you boil sap w/out defoamer? Even boiling raw sap you need to use defoamer.
Is there a publication we can read on this research?
Why not use high vac. early and late in the season?

Regarding the concentrate topic. This was another topic I wanted to attend.
Did they take raw sap and boil it, then concentrate sap to 8% and boil that to do their flavor comparison? I think this would be the correct way to verify changes in flavor. I think by concentrating all the sap, then adding perm. water back in to reduce the concentration is flawed because the sap's going through the RO in both cases.

Thanks

The presenter from Acer suggested that blue mainline could yield sap low in invert sugar and thus less maple flavor in the syrup relative to using black mainline with the max # of taps. He did not go into detail on this unfortunately.

He also did not go into detail regarding boiling without defoamer but did suggest that it was possible to do so, or at the least use minimal defoamer.

His point about high vacuum early and late in the season was that it can lead to off flavors in the syrup by extracting chemical compounds from the tree that would not typically be extracted. In early season this may appear as metabolic off flavor, and later it could cause buddy flavor to appear earlier.

GeneralStark
01-24-2012, 09:22 PM
Actually, if you're referring to the UVM PMRC study, we did all three (not sure if Abby presented the whole study or just part of it to simplify things). We boiled raw sap, concentrate made from the same batches of sap, and re-constituted sap (sap that had been split into concentrate and permeate, which were then added back together).

Abby presented the results of the comparison between 2% raw sap and 8% concentrate and the resulting syrup chemistry and flavor. She did mention that other studies had been done but was very clear that the findings she was presenting could only be applied to raw sap vs. 8% concentrate.

tuckermtn
01-24-2012, 10:36 PM
Josh- the comments from the presenter were relative to a producer that had a bush that started out as all black mainline. The producer then began to switch over his bush at a rate of about 25% a year to blue mainline. This producer was set up so that all his sap flowed directly in to the sugarhouse. As he began to get past 50% of his bush on blue tubing, he noticed that the good maple flavor decreased. He eventually went to 100% blue mainline. The producer still made good quality syrup, but it was lacking in the maple taste that he was used to. The determination was that the sap that he was getting was so clear and cold (which I think for most producers is the goal) and he was processing it so quickly that the sap did not have time to have any microbial interaction. Without the microbial interaction, the sucrose in the sap did not have enough of a chance to get broken down in to fructose and glucose, and therefore be available to be carmelized. Does that make sense?

For me the take away was that there needs to be some microbial interaction, but not soo much that you get all dark or molasses flavored syrup. With my set-up and having to truck sap back to the sugarhouse, I have plenty of time for microbial interaction, so I am not worried.

GeneralStark
01-25-2012, 11:43 AM
Josh- the comments from the presenter were relative to a producer that had a bush that started out as all black mainline. The producer then began to switch over his bush at a rate of about 25% a year to blue mainline. This producer was set up so that all his sap flowed directly in to the sugarhouse. As he began to get past 50% of his bush on blue tubing, he noticed that the good maple flavor decreased. He eventually went to 100% blue mainline. The producer still made good quality syrup, but it was lacking in the maple taste that he was used to. The determination was that the sap that he was getting was so clear and cold (which I think for most producers is the goal) and he was processing it so quickly that the sap did not have time to have any microbial interaction. Without the microbial interaction, the sucrose in the sap did not have enough of a chance to get broken down in to fructose and glucose, and therefore be available to be carmelized. Does that make sense?

For me the take away was that there needs to be some microbial interaction, but not soo much that you get all dark or molasses flavored syrup. With my set-up and having to truck sap back to the sugarhouse, I have plenty of time for microbial interaction, so I am not worried.

That is a good summary of his statements regarding black vs. blue tubing. He also suggested that a Glucometer could be used to help to find the healthy balance for a specific tubing system. That is described in more detail here:

http://www.centreacer.qc.ca/PDF/Publ.../231A0508E.pdf

The Glucometer could also be used to troubleshoot some of the RO related issues he described as well related to pumps heating sap, storage times, etc...

I am curious to try this tool this season and compare sap from my buckets (which I will be storing separately this season) and sap from my tubing system. We will be adding RO this year (8-10%), so there will be interesting comparisons to make there as well.

tuckermtn
01-25-2012, 12:47 PM
yes I plan on getting a glucometer and do some sampling of sap this season as well. Plan on using it for my daughters science fair project where she is going to be looking at invert sugar and confection making.

Maplewalnut
01-25-2012, 02:36 PM
Same presentation that Joel? gave at Verona earlier this month. I'll stick by my statement in an earlier post...if you want great tasteing retail syrup let some air get to it, if all you want to do is sell light no taste syrup to packers for a higher price than stick with blue tube, UV lights and a closed system.

Beweller
01-25-2012, 02:47 PM
General,

I get a "cannot find" message with your centre acer link. Can you repeat? Thanks.

GeneralStark
01-25-2012, 03:01 PM
General,

I get a "cannot find" message with your centre acer link. Can you repeat? Thanks.


It has been a fussy link. Here it is again:

www.centreacer.qc.ca/PDF/Publications/Infofiches/231A0508E.pdf